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Targets, Activities and Indicators
It is said that ‘if you do not know where you are going then any road will
get you there’. People who get things done are usually clear about what they
want to do, how they will do it and, most importantly, how they will know if
they have been successful.
What is true for individual people is also true for groups, for businesses
and for governments – if you are serious about getting things done then you
must be clear about targets, activities and indicators.
TARGET
|
a clear idea of what you want to do (it helps to say how much you will
do by what date) |
ACTIVITIES
|
a clear idea of what actions you must take (it helps to make a list of
steps to show what you must do first, then second and so on) |
INDICATORS
|
a clear idea of what you will measure so that you will know if your
activities are hitting the target |
This section lists the targets, activities and indicators that have so far
been identified for the three guiding ideas of the PRSP which are to:
 | reduce income poverty |
| improve quality of life and social well-being |
| reduce vulnerability amongst the poorest groups |
In general terms the way to reduce income poverty is to make it possible for
businesses of all sizes to flourish so that there are more jobs and more money
moving around. The way to improve quality of life and social well being is to
make sure that all people have easy access to education, health, safe drinking
water and good food. The first step in reducing vulnerability is to identify
those who are vulnerable and to find out what their needs are – targets,
activities and indicators can then be set to guide what we do.
If the country as a whole was more wealthy then there ought to less poverty.
We therefore have to make the country more wealthy and make sure that the wealth
is fairly equally distributed and/or that safety nets are built to protect the
most vulnerable.
The plan over the next three years is to earn more from agriculture and to
earn a lot more from the industrial and service sectors.
This will be possible because of changes that the government makes to ensure
good governance and macroeconomic stability.
Assuming that the new wealth reaches the poorer people then we should be well
on the way to reducing poverty.
Targets
| |
by 2003 |
by2010 |
| Reduce the proportion of the population below the poverty line |
from 48-42% |
from 48-24%
|
| Reduce the proportion of the rural poor |
by 7.5% |
from 57-29% |
| Reduce the proportion of the food poor |
by 3.5%
|
from 27-14% |
Activities
The activities that should reduce income poverty are described on the next
few pages. They include:
| promoting
rural development and export growth |
| helping
to develop the private sector |
| working
towards better and more decentralised government |
| make
sure that the macroeconomy remains stable |
Indicators
Tanzania has a long history of rural development. Early efforts were state
controlled with strong government support systems for rural producers. Later
ones have been market oriented with less government support. The best way ahead
is not yet clear. In the next three years the Government will ask everyone to
work together to find solutions and to develop a Rural Development Strategy.
Poor people and private businessmen will be asked to take the lead in finding
new ways of being efficient and effective.
Targets and activities
Credit will come from crop buyers, banks and cooperatives
rather than from the Government
|
Farmers will organise themselves in groups or
cooperatives to make it easier to get credit from financial institutions, |
|
Farmers will carry out crop-specific research and other
activities to increase the quantity and quality of their products. |
|
Private crop buyers or traders will continue to
experiment with voucher schemes and other ways of making it easier to buy
fertilizers and insecticides. |
|
Local communities will play a more active role in
rebuilding and maintaining rural roads and in developing irrigated
farming (as far as possible with the help of the Government). |
Much of this is already happening. The Government will, where appropriate,
help to organise extension, training and ‘best practice’ workshops and to
provide support to energetic entrepreneurs. The vision for the future is an
increased number and quality of traditional and new export products.
Indicators
|
kilometres of rehabilitated rural roads |
|
growth in value-added in agriculture |
|
seasonal production of key food and cash crops |
The Government has been supporting private sector development businesses
since 1993. It has been responsible for:
|
The Tanzania Investment Act |
|
The privatisation of several government-owned enterprises |
|
The creation of the Tanzania Investment Centre (TIC) |
However, apart from the Mining and Tourism industries, the response of
private investors has not been very good.
Targets & activities
|
restructure and restaff the TIC to focus on promoting
investment |
|
submit new companies legislation to Parliament |
|
establish an automatic and computerised filing and
registry system for the Commercial Court |
|
make it easier for local and foreign businesses to invest
in Tanzania (with appropriate safeguards) |
|
push through reforms that will reduce the cost of
utilities (including electricity) to industry |
|
speed up the adoption of key reforms in the National
Anti-Corruption Strategy |
The government will also develop a Private Sector Strategy by 2003.
This will help to:
A government is good when it can provide quality services to all of its
people all of the time. It is organised so that money is gathered and spent in
an open and transparent way and for the greater good of all. Because of the
openness and transparency the government can be held to account by the people.
The main objectives set out in the PRSP are to:
|
improve
the performance of the government in delivering public services |
|
improve
the way in which incentives lead to better quality work |
|
minimize the ‘leakage’ of funds and strengthen
systems for holding government officials responsible for what they do with
them. |
|
Of the best leaders
when they are gone the people say, ‘We did it
ourselves’
[Tao te Ching] |
|
Targets
|
a government system that is efficiently and effectively
decentralised |
|
reduced corruption |
|
increased professionalism and cost effectiveness in the
government system |
|
improved government capacity, motivation and performance |
|
improved budget management at central and lower levels |
|
integrated Financial Management Information Systems (IFMs)
set up in all ministries and sub-treasuries. All money coming from
the central and sub-treasury levels will pass through the IFM and all
spending plans and arrears will also be recorded. |
Indicators
|
Activities
|
| Improved honesty and transparency in the accounting system |
Strengthen systems for more efficient cash management, procurement,
payment and expenditure control, inventory, equipment and asset management
and timely audit reports.
|
| Budgets prepared on time at all levels |
| Developed and approved performance improvement modules for priority
sectors |
| Developed and approved specific anti-corruption action plans for the
ministries of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Education and Culture, Health
and Water, and the CSD based on the National Anticorruption Strategy. |
Carry out diagnostic surveys for, approve operational strategies and
implement sector specific anticorruption plans for the Judiciary,
Ministries of Works, Education and Culture, Health, Home Affairs, the
Attorney General’s Office, and the Tanzanian Revenue Authority |
| |
Make the Central Tender Board’s results public through press releases |
| Many different organisations allowed to deliver public services |
Implement actions under the Public Sector Reform Programmes |
| Only IFMs used in central government budgeting, accounting and
financial information systems for recurrent expenditure. And reclassify
the development budget according to the GFS |
Extend the IFMs to all
Ministries, Departments and Agencies in Dar es Salaam and in all regional
sub-treasuries by 2002 |
There is macroeconomic stability when the economy is growing, there is low
inflation and the Government gets the national accounts to more or less balance.
The Tanzania government has a good record for reducing inflation and the targets
for the next three year period will build on this.
Targets and activities
|
Accelerate economic growth (GDP) to 6 per cent |
|
Keep inflation at about 4 per cent |
|
Ensure that the exchange rate for the Tanzania shilling
continues to be controlled by the market |
|
Keep government savings at the level of about 4 months of
import of goods and services |
|
Keep the accounts more or less balanced (with only modest
amounts of overspend) |
|
Broaden the tax base (and prevent tax evasion) |
|
Improve the administration of the tax system |
|
Improve the abilities of financial managers at national
and local Government levels |
Indicators
|
|
|
rate of inflation |
|
gross official international reserves |
|
movement in the exchange rate |
|
balance of money in the economy |
|
resource allocation – actual budgetary allocation for
basic education, primary health care, water, rural roads, agricultural and
HIV/AIDS |
The following activities, some of which are mentioned in other parts of this
booklet, will also help to create a stable macroeconomic environment.
Indicators
|
Activities
|
Overall growth in the Tanzanian economy
|
| Maintain macroeconomic stability |
|
Expanded Investment (Physical and Human)
|
|
Improve rural roads and other
infrastructure services (water, power, telecoms etc) |
|
Promote training in demand driven
skills and employment, counselling
|
|
Improved investment productivity
|
|
Develop micro finance facilities |
|
Improve the investment climate in line
with the PSD programme by
 |
growing a strong and diversified
private sector |
|
reducing the costs of doing business |
|
creating an efficient and effective
legal system |
|
|
Developed Private Sector Strategy by 2003
|
|
Growth of Agriculture by at least 5 per cent by 2003
|
|
Improve access to agriculture research
and extension |
|
Make it easier to get
micro-finance/agricultural credit |
|
Promote rural finance, improve
trading/marketing of outputs and inputs, and remove administrative
fiat |
|
Promote export of agricultural
products as well as agro-processed goods |
|
Distribute land suitable for
irrigation in favour of the poor
|
|
Well maintained rural road network
|
|
Increase budget allocation in
financing rehabilitation and maintenance of rural roads |
|
Develop and apply labour intensive
technology for rehabilitation and maintenance, and increase the use of
local contractors |
|
Strengthen the capacity at district
level to manage road rehabilitation and maintenance carried out by
contractors.
|
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